Katherine Johnson, a brilliant mathematician, played a vital role in the space race through her groundbreaking calculations, which were instrumental in the success of numerous NASA missions. Her contributions to the field of computing helped pave the way for the development of the internet. During her 33-year career at NASA, Johnson earned her the reputation of being a “human computer” for mastering complex manual calculations and played a key role in pioneering the use of computers to perform tasks.
Her incredible work included calculating trajectories, launch windows, and emergency return paths for Project Mercury spaceflights, including those for astronauts Alan Shepard, the first American in space, and John Glenn, the first American in orbit. She also calculated rendezvous paths for the Apollo Lunar Module and command module on flights to the Moon, and ensured the safe return of the Apollo 13 Moon mission. The accuracy and precision of her calculations helped establish confidence in digital computers and establish their reliability.
Furthermore, Johnson’s contributions to technological advancements extended beyond space exploration. As a pioneering figure in the field of computing, she helped pave the way for the development of the internet. Her ability to master complex mathematical calculations and embrace new technologies enabled her to make a lasting impact on science and technology.
Johnson’s exceptional work and groundbreaking achievements were recognized by numerous accolades, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which was awarded to her by President Barack Obama in 2015. In addition, two NASA facilities have been named in her honor, including the “Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility” at Langley Research Center and the Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility.
Her legacy lives on through scholarships and institutions named after her, such as the STEM scholarship established at West Virginia State University, the Katherine G. Johnson Hall at George Mason University, and the Katherine Johnson Middle School in Virginia. She has also been immortalized in pop culture, with the release of the film Hidden Figures, which portrayed her and other African-American female mathematicians, Mary Jackson and Dorothy Vaughan, who worked alongside her at NASA.
